Valuation Research · Overvalued

Overvalued Stocks: Trading Above Fair Value — Where's the Risk?

These stocks trade above our estimated intrinsic value — the market price exceeds what our model calculates the business is worth. That does not always mean sell, but it does mean you should know exactly what premium you are paying.

111Overvalued
-15%+Neg. Margin
3-FactorModel

All Overvalued Stocks — Sorted by Negative Margin of Safety

Every stock below trades at least 15% above our estimated intrinsic value. The Moat Rating column is especially important here — a 4-5 star moat may justify the premium, while a 1-2 star moat probably does not.

ABNB
$133.72

Airbnb, Inc.

Z-Score 4.26
Fair Value $101.16
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -32.2%
ANET
$166.01

Arista Networks, Inc.

Z-Score 20.20
Fair Value $125.20
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -32.6%
ARM
$393.44

Arm Holdings plc

Z-Score 106.22
Fair Value $55.20
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -612.8%
ASML
$1,757.47

ASML Holding N.V.

Z-Score 15.17
Fair Value $1,224.80
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -43.5%
AVGO
$418.91

Broadcom Inc.

Z-Score 14.30
Fair Value $282.00
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -48.5%
AXON
$513.20

Axon Enterprise, Inc.

Z-Score 7.63
Fair Value $201.60
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -154.6%
AZO
$3,081.94

AutoZone, Inc.

Z-Score 2.56
Fair Value $2,404.26
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -28.2%
BA
$217.42

The Boeing Company

Z-Score 1.56
Fair Value $99.20
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -119.2%
BKNG
$167.49

Booking Holdings Inc.

Z-Score 6.28
Fair Value $140.62
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety C
Overvalued MoS: -19.1%
BKR
$66.11

Baker Hughes Company

Z-Score 2.76
Fair Value $50.22
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -31.6%
CCL
$27.85

Carnival Corporation Ltd.

Z-Score 1.29
Fair Value $18.30
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety B
Overvalued MoS: -52.2%
CI
$280.68

The Cigna Group

Z-Score 2.68
Fair Value $66.40
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -322.7%
CLX
$89.63

The Clorox Company

Z-Score 3.29
Fair Value $76.38
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety C
Overvalued MoS: -17.3%
CMCSA
$23.33

Comcast Corporation

Z-Score 1.43
Fair Value $15.91
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -46.6%
CPRT
$30.77

Copart, Inc.

Z-Score 22.87
Fair Value $25.92
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -18.7%
CSGP
$33.66

CoStar Group, Inc.

Z-Score 4.56
Fair Value $17.20
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -95.7%
DAL
$79.51

Delta Air Lines, Inc.

Z-Score 1.56
Fair Value $67.52
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety B
Overvalued MoS: -17.8%
DASH
$160.07

DoorDash, Inc.

Z-Score 5.02
Fair Value $84.00
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -90.6%
DD
$47.65

DuPont de Nemours, Inc.

Z-Score 0.55
Fair Value $10.40
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety C
Overvalued MoS: -358.2%
DDOG
$243.60

Datadog, Inc.

Z-Score 19.17
Fair Value $40.80
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -497.1%
DHI
$146.41

D.R. Horton, Inc.

Z-Score 6.01
Fair Value $115.36
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -26.9%
DIS
$99.34

The Walt Disney Company

Z-Score 2.33
Fair Value $81.41
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety B
Overvalued MoS: -22.0%
DKNG
$25.37

DraftKings Inc.

Z-Score 1.29
Fair Value $14.00
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -81.2%
DPZ
$307.51

Domino's Pizza, Inc.

Z-Score 2.89
Fair Value $267.00
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -15.2%
DXCM
$72.59

DexCom, Inc.

Z-Score 6.88
Fair Value $59.09
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -22.9%
ECL
$254.33

Ecolab Inc.

Z-Score 4.66
Fair Value $214.18
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -18.8%
FDX
$328.00

FedEx Corporation

Z-Score 2.73
Fair Value $244.51
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -34.2%
FTNT
$149.67

Fortinet, Inc.

Z-Score 8.61
Fair Value $110.40
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -35.6%
GE
$327.65

GE Aerospace

Z-Score 3.43
Fair Value $267.80
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -22.4%
GEN
$26.52

Gen Digital Inc.

Z-Score 1.40
Fair Value $22.75
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -16.6%
GEV
$963.33

GE Vernova Inc.

Z-Score 3.86
Fair Value $549.94
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety C
Overvalued MoS: -75.2%
GILD
$129.18

Gilead Sciences, Inc.

Z-Score 4.21
Fair Value $99.68
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -29.6%
GME
$22.27

GameStop Corp.

Z-Score 2.76
Fair Value $12.69
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -75.5%
GRAB
$3.46

Grab Holdings Limited

Z-Score 0.30
Fair Value $2.80
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -23.6%
HCA
$361.83

HCA Healthcare, Inc.

Z-Score 2.52
Fair Value $306.98
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -17.9%
HD
$309.95

The Home Depot, Inc.

Z-Score 5.52
Fair Value $265.35
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety B
Overvalued MoS: -16.8%
ILMN
$168.06

Illumina, Inc.

Z-Score 5.36
Fair Value $127.14
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -32.2%
IONQ
$65.66

IonQ, Inc.

Z-Score 5.22
Fair Value $54.00
Moat ★★☆☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -21.6%
ISRG
$418.82

Intuitive Surgical, Inc.

Z-Score 37.26
Fair Value $358.00
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -17.0%
ITW
$251.12

Illinois Tool Works Inc.

Z-Score 7.91
Fair Value $213.44
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -17.6%
KLAC
$2,131.10

KLA Corporation

Z-Score 17.14
Fair Value $1,413.20
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -50.8%
KMI
$31.70

Kinder Morgan, Inc.

Z-Score 1.28
Fair Value $27.15
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety B
Overvalued MoS: -16.8%
LEN
$91.88

Lennar Corporation

Z-Score 3.89
Fair Value $70.67
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -30.0%
LOW
$207.53

Lowe's Companies, Inc.

Z-Score 3.06
Fair Value $178.50
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -16.3%
LRCX
$336.41

Lam Research Corporation

Z-Score 26.14
Fair Value $205.60
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -63.6%
LULU
$124.92

lululemon athletica inc.

Z-Score 5.83
Fair Value $102.96
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -21.3%
MCD
$272.72

McDonald's Corporation

Z-Score 4.69
Fair Value $230.16
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -18.5%
MELI
$1,634.78

MercadoLibre, Inc.

Z-Score 2.62
Fair Value $1,399.74
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -16.8%
MO
$70.60

Altria Group, Inc.

Z-Score 4.72
Fair Value $60.75
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety B
Overvalued MoS: -16.2%
MRVL
$316.43

Marvell Technology, Inc.

Z-Score 21.95
Fair Value $105.60
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -199.7%
MSFT
$428.05

Microsoft Corporation

Z-Score 8.69
Fair Value $366.30
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -16.9%
NOW
$119.36

ServiceNow, Inc.

Z-Score 6.73
Fair Value $97.60
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -22.3%
NTAP
$178.87

NetApp, Inc.

Z-Score 3.35
Fair Value $152.00
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -17.7%
OKTA
$123.48

Okta, Inc.

Z-Score 4.95
Fair Value $86.40
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -42.9%
ORLY
$88.40

O'Reilly Automotive, Inc.

Z-Score 3.96
Fair Value $74.23
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -19.1%
PANW
$279.25

Palo Alto Networks, Inc.

Z-Score 9.41
Fair Value $92.40
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -202.2%
PATH
$11.67

UiPath, Inc.

Z-Score 3.64
Fair Value $8.42
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -38.6%
PLTR
$141.70

Palantir Technologies Inc.

Z-Score 145.74
Fair Value $42.40
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -234.2%
PSTG
$67.80

Everpure Inc

Z-Score 5.05
Fair Value $40.40
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -67.8%
PWR
$719.17

Quanta Services, Inc.

Z-Score 5.87
Fair Value $348.80
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -106.2%
PYPL
$42.75

PayPal Holdings, Inc.

Z-Score 1.83
Fair Value $35.63
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety C
Overvalued MoS: -20.0%
ROKU
$125.59

Roku, Inc.

Z-Score 7.52
Fair Value $62.40
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -101.3%
ROST
$233.06

Ross Stores, Inc.

Z-Score 7.51
Fair Value $202.31
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -15.2%
RSG
$207.91

Republic Services, Inc.

Z-Score 2.98
Fair Value $177.04
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -17.4%
SBUX
$94.14

Starbucks Corporation

Z-Score 2.61
Fair Value $66.80
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety C
Overvalued MoS: -40.9%
SHOP
$116.04

Shopify Inc.

Z-Score 54.63
Fair Value $40.40
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -187.2%
SNPS
$494.48

Synopsys, Inc.

Z-Score 3.48
Fair Value $232.00
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -113.1%
SPOT
$493.58

Spotify Technology S.A.

Z-Score 11.02
Fair Value $395.36
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -24.8%
SYY
$74.35

Sysco Corporation

Z-Score 5.05
Fair Value $62.13
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety B
Overvalued MoS: -19.7%
T
$22.77

AT&T Inc.

Z-Score 0.93
Fair Value $17.60
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety B
Overvalued MoS: -29.4%
TJX
$158.63

The TJX Companies, Inc.

Z-Score 6.91
Fair Value $129.43
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -22.6%
TRGP
$267.37

Targa Resources Corp.

Z-Score 2.75
Fair Value $220.86
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -21.1%
TSLA
$418.45

Tesla, Inc.

Z-Score 18.70
Fair Value $49.20
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -750.5%
TWLO
$236.64

Twilio Inc.

Z-Score 10.77
Fair Value $95.20
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -148.6%
UBER
$72.21

Uber Technologies, Inc.

Z-Score 3.58
Fair Value $47.73
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -51.3%
ULTA
$462.52

Ulta Beauty, Inc.

Z-Score 5.85
Fair Value $376.76
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -22.8%
UNP
$263.90

Union Pacific Corporation

Z-Score 4.07
Fair Value $221.35
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -19.2%
VMC
$283.06

Vulcan Materials Company

Z-Score 4.09
Fair Value $219.17
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -29.1%
VRT
$323.92

Vertiv Holdings Co

Z-Score 10.71
Fair Value $178.80
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety C
Overvalued MoS: -81.2%
WMT
$117.74

Walmart Inc.

Z-Score 6.45
Fair Value $97.50
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -20.8%
XPO
$219.26

XPO, Inc.

Z-Score 3.86
Fair Value $140.00
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -56.6%
YUM
$148.08

Yum! Brands, Inc.

Z-Score 2.50
Fair Value $123.42
Moat ★★★☆☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -20.0%
ZM
$105.21

Zoom Communications, Inc.

Z-Score 10.65
Fair Value $79.46
Moat ★★½☆☆
Div Safety N/A
Overvalued MoS: -32.4%
ZTS
$79.52

Zoetis Inc.

Z-Score 4.62
Fair Value $68.82
Moat ★★★½☆
Div Safety A
Overvalued MoS: -15.6%

The Price You Pay Determines Your Return

Warren Buffett's mentor, Benjamin Graham, wrote that "the investor's chief problem — and even his worst enemy — is likely to be himself." Nowhere is this more true than with overvalued stocks.

When a stock trades above fair value, you are making an implicit bet that either the company will grow faster than its historical rate, or someone else will pay an even higher price later. Neither is inherently wrong — but you should know which bet you are making.

When Premium Pricing Is Justified

Not all overvalued stocks are bad investments. Premium valuations can be justified by:

  • Secular growth tailwinds — AI infrastructure, cloud computing, electrification. Companies riding multi-decade trends may outgrow a temporarily high valuation.
  • Network effects accelerating — platforms where each user makes the product more valuable. Payment networks like Visa and Mastercard have this dynamic.
  • Margin expansion potential — companies early in their operating leverage curve. Revenue growth drops to the bottom line at an accelerating rate.
  • Capital-light business models — software companies with 80%+ gross margins that convert most revenue to free cash flow.

Conservative model bias: Our three-factor model caps growth at 20% and uses CAPM-derived discount rates that penalize high-beta stocks. Fast-growing tech companies will systematically appear overvalued in our model. For these stocks, check the sensitivity table on each ticker page — if plugging in a 12-15% growth rate instead of our default makes the stock fairly valued, the premium may be reasonable if you believe in the growth thesis.

When to Worry About Overvaluation

A stock that is overvalued and has a weak moat (1-2 stars) is the most dangerous combination. Without a competitive advantage, the company cannot sustain above-average returns, and the premium will eventually unwind. Look for these red flags:

  • Narrow or no moat + negative margin of safety — the market may be pricing in growth the company cannot deliver
  • Declining ROIC trend — the competitive position is weakening even as the stock price stays elevated
  • Z-Score in the gray zone (1.8-3.0) — financial stress brewing beneath the surface

How to Use This Page

  1. Scan the moat column first — wide moat (3.5+ stars) overvalued stocks are different from no-moat overvalued stocks.
  2. Check the sensitivity table on each ticker page — a small change in growth assumptions may bring the stock to fair value.
  3. Compare with undervalued alternatives in the same sector — you may find a comparable business at a better price.
  4. For current holdings, an overvalued reading is not a sell signal by itself. Consider your time horizon, tax implications, and the business trajectory before acting.
FAQ

Common questions

Does overvalued mean I should sell?

Not necessarily. A stock can trade above our model's fair value for good reasons: secular growth tailwinds, network effects accelerating, or margin expansion potential. What matters is whether the premium is justified by what's ahead. Our model has a known conservative bias for high-growth companies.

Why are so many tech stocks overvalued in your model?

Our growth rate is capped at 20% and the CAPM-derived WACC penalizes high-beta stocks with steeper discount rates. This systematically produces lower intrinsic values for fast-growing, volatile tech companies. For these stocks, the moat rating and business trajectory may be more informative than the DCF number.

How do you define overvalued?

We flag a stock as overvalued when its market price exceeds our three-factor intrinsic value estimate by more than 15%. The margin of safety is negative, meaning you would pay more than our model says the stock is worth.

Can an overvalued stock still go higher?

Yes — and frequently does. Momentum, narrative shifts, and earnings beats can push overvalued stocks higher for extended periods. Our model estimates fundamental value, not short-term price direction. An overvalued stock is a statement about risk-reward, not a timing signal.

More analysis

Other research engines

Undervalued Stocks

The opposite list — stocks trading below intrinsic value with positive margin of safety.

Fair Value Lab

Learn how we calculate intrinsic value using the three-factor model.

Moat Ratings

Wide-moat companies may justify premium valuations. Check before dismissing an overvalued stock.